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The lyophilization method is basically carried out at a temperature below 0°C, that is, when the product is frozen, the product is allowed to rise above 0°C only when the residual moisture content of the product is later reduced, but generally does not exceed 40°C. Under vacuum conditions, when the water vapor sublimates directly, the drug remains in the frozen ice shelf, forming a spongy porous structure resembling a sponge, so that after drying it is almost constant in size. Before using it again, as soon as water for injection is added, it dissolves immediately.
Therefore, vacuum freeze drying technology has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical industry, which can significantly improve the quality and grade of products. Western medicine freeze-drying has obtained certain development in China. Many large-scale pharmaceutical plants have freeze-drying equipment. In traditional Chinese medicine, vacuum freeze-drying technology is mainly limited to lyophilization of small amounts of Chinese medicinal materials such as ginseng, pilose antler, yam, and Cordyceps sinensis. In addition, in the field of biomedical products, freeze-drying technology is also widely used.
Of course, vacuum freeze-drying technology has the disadvantage of high cost. Because it requires vacuum and cryogenic conditions, the vacuum freeze dryer is equipped with a vacuum system and a cryogenic system, which results in high investment and operating costs. This point can be seen in the current Chinese medicine vacuum freeze-drying mainly used in more expensive medicine. The application of the equipment by downstream SMEs is bound to be subject to capital affordability.
The method of drying the medicine is various, such as drying, boiling, drying, spray drying and vacuum drying, and the ordinary drying method is usually performed at a temperature of 0° C. or higher. The dried products generally have the problem of shrinking the volume and hardening the texture. Most of the volatile components are lost. Some heat-sensitive medicinal materials may be denatured and inactivated. Therefore, there is a large difference in the properties of the dried product compared to that before drying.