Logistics terminology

3· Basic Concepts Terminology 3.1 Item Articles

The economic activities involve the physical flow of material information.

3·2 Logistics Logistics

The flow of goods from the place of supply to the physical location of the receiving site. According to actual needs, the basic functions of transportation, storage, handling, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution, and information processing are organically combined.

3·3 Logistics Activities

The implementation and management of logistics functions.

3.4 logistics operations

The specific operational activities carried out when implementing the logistics function.

3·5 logistics modulus

Dimensional benchmarks for logistics facilities and equipment.

3·6 Logistics Technology Logistlcs technology

The general theory of natural sciences and social sciences used in logistics activities, as well as the general term of facilities, equipment, devices, and processes.

3·7 Logistics Costs

The currency performance of materialized labor and living labor consumed in logistics activities.

3·8 Logistics Management Loglstics management

In order to achieve the level of service that users are satisfied with at the lowest logistics cost, planning, organization, coordination, and control of logistics activities.

3·9 Logistics Center Logistics center

The place or organization engaged in logistics activities. Should basically meet the following requirements:

(1) Mainly for social services;

(2) Sound logistics function;

(3) Perfect information network;

(4) Large range of radiation;

(5) less varieties, large quantities;

(6) Strong storage and throughput capabilities:

(7) Unified management and management of logistics business.

3·10 Logistics Network Logistics network

A collection of interconnected organizations and facilities in the logistics process.

3·11 Logistics Information

The general name of knowledge, data, images, data, and documents that reflect the contents of various activities in logistics.

3.12 Loglstics enterprise

Economic organizations engaged in logistics activities.

3·13 Logistics Documents

The general term for all documents, tickets, and vouchers used in the logistics process.

3·14 Logistics Alliance

The long-term alliances and cooperation between two or more economic organizations to achieve specific logistics goals.

3.15 supply logistics Supp1y logistics

When a manufacturer supplies raw materials, parts, or other items, the entity flows between the provider and the demander.

3.16 Production Logistics Production logistics

In the production process, raw materials, work-in-process, semi-finished products, finished products, etc.

3·17 Sales Logistics Distribution logistics

When a production company or distribution company sells goods, the entity flows between the supplier and the demander.

3·18 Recycling Logistics

Rework of defective items, return of goods, and use of packaging containers return from the demand side to the physical flow of the goods formed by the supplier.

3·19 waste logistics waste material logistics

Items that have lost their original use value in economic activities are collected, classified, processed, packaged, handled, stored, etc., according to actual needs, and are distributed to the physical entities formed when they are dealt with specifically.

3·20 Green Logistics Environlnental logistics

In the process of logistics, while suppressing the harm of logistics to the environment, it also realizes the purification of the logistics environment and makes full use of the logistics resources.

3.21 corporate logistics

The entity flow within the company.

3.22 Social Logistics

The general term for the logistics activities outside the company.

3.23 Military Logistics Military logistics

Used to meet the logistics needs of the peacetime and wartime needs of the military.

3.24 International Logistics Interriational logistics

Logistics between different countries (regions).

3.25 third-party logistics Third part logistics (TPL)

The business model of logistics services provided by logistics companies other than supply and demand parties.

3. 26 custom logistics

According to the user's specific requirements and specifically designed for the logistics service model.

3.27 Virtual Logistics

The computer network technology is used for logistics operation and management to realize the logistics method of sharing and optimizing the distribution of logistics resources among enterprises.

3·28 value-added logistics service Value one added logistics service

On the basis of fulfilling the basic functions of logistics, various extended business activities are provided according to customer needs.

3.29 supply chain Supply1y chain

In the process of production and distribution, the upstream and downstream companies involved in providing products or services to end-user activities have formed a network chain structure.

3·3O bar code

A code consisting of a set of regularly arranged bars, spaces, and characters to represent certain information.

Synonym: bar code symbol

3.31 electronic data interchange (EDI)

Through electronic means, standardized formats are used and computer networks are used for the transmission and exchange of structured data.

3.32 Tangible loss

Visible or measurable physical damage and consumption.

3.33 Intangible loss

Devaluation of goods due to scientific and technological progress.

4· Logistics Operation Terms 4.1 Transportation Transportation

Use equipment and tools to transport goods from one location to another. Including the collection, distribution, handling, transit, loading, unloading, dispersion and a series of operations. [GB/T4122-1996. Medium 4.4]

4.2 Combined Transport Combined Transport

One entrustment, a transportation method by two or more transport companies or using two or more modes of transport to jointly transport a certain batch of goods to the destination.

4·3 Direct Transport Through Transport

Items are shipped from the place of delivery to the place of receipt, and there is no need to change and stop at the storage site.

4·4 Transit Transfer transDort

The goods are transported from the place of production to the site of final use, and are transported more than once after being dropped and replaced.

4. 5 Drop Transport Drop and puIl transport

Drag the tractor to the destination with a tractor, throw the trailer off and change to a new trailer for transportation to another destination.

4·6 Containerized trans-Container transDort

Use bares, loose items, and small-sized items to be combined into containers of a certain standard size for transport using a container or using a tying method.

4·7 container transport Container transport

A cargo transportation method using a container as a unit.

4·8 door to door Door one to a door

The carrier picks up the entire container at the shipper's factory or warehouse, and is responsible for delivering to the consignee's factory or warehouse.

4·9 FCL Full container load (FCL)

A container filled with one shipper is also a consignee's cargo.

4 · 10 LCL Less than container load (LCL)

A container loads goods from multiple shippers or multiple consignees.

4.11 Storage Storing

Protect, manage, and store items.

4.12 Storage Storage

The activities of storing and controlling quantity and quality management of items.

4.13 Article reserves

Store items for your needs. There are points for reserves, long-term reserves, and strategic reserves.

4·14 Inventory Inventory

Stored items. The broad inventory also includes items that are in manufacturing processing and shipping.

4·15 Regular Inventory Cycle stock

In the normal business environment, the company establishes inventory to meet daily needs.

4.16 Safety Stock Safety Stock

In order to prevent buffer stocks prepared due to uncertainties (such as large sudden orders, sudden delivery delays, etc.).

4.17 Inventory Cycle Inventory cycle time

Within a certain range, the average time of inventory items from storage to delivery.

4.18 lead time (or lead time) Lead time

The interval between the time the order is placed and the goods are received.

4·19 order processing cycle 0rder cycle time

The interval between the time the order is received and the order is shipped.

4·20 cargo stack Goods stack

In order to facilitate storage and handling, transportation, according to certain requirements, a group of items stacked together.

4.21 Stacking Stacking

To neatly and regularly place articles into the operations of goods.

4.22 Handling Handling/carrying

In the same place, the goods are subject to horizontal movement as the main logistics operation.

4.23 Loading and unloading Loading and unloading

Means that the item was manually or mechanically loaded or removed at the designated location.

Unit 24 loading and unloading Unlt loading and unloading

Use trays, containers or packages to integrate small or bulk items into a certain weight or volume assembly for the use of machinery for loading and unloading.

4·25 Packaging Package/packaging

The general names of containers, materials, and auxiliary materials used to protect products, facilitate storage and transportation, and promote sales in accordance with certain technical methods. It also refers to the operation of applying a certain technical method or the like in the process of using containers, materials, and aids to achieve the above-mentioned purposes.

4.26 sales package Sales package

Also known as inner packaging, is a package that directly contacts a product and directly enters a retail outlet along with the consumer or user.

4.27 Packing of nominated brand

The buyer asks the seller to use the name or trademark specified by the buyer on the export goods/packaging.

4·28 Neutral Packaging

In the export goods and its internal and external packaging do not indicate the packaging of the production country.

4.29 Transport Package Transport package

Packaging intended primarily for transport storage requirements. It protects the safety of the product, facilitates storage and transportation, speeds up the handover, and performs inspections.

4. 30 pallet packaging palletizing

With trays as carriers, the packages or products are stacked on pallets and fixed by tying, wrapping or gluing to form a handling unit for handling with mechanical equipment.

4.31 Containerized Containerization

The use of containerized equipment or the method of bundling, the items constitute a standard size of the unit shipments to speed up the handling, handling, storage, transportation and other logistics activities.

4.32 Bulk In Bulk

The bulk materials transported and loaded by specialized machinery and equipment are loaded and unloaded, transported, and stored in a certain logistics area without any packaging.

4.33 Direct Cross docking

In the logistics process, the goods are directly transferred from one transportation tool to another without the intermediate warehouse or site.

4.34 Distribution Distribution

Within the economically reasonable area, according to the requirements of users, the goods are selected, processed, packaged, divided, and grouped, etc., and delivered on time to the designated locations of logistics activities.

4.35 Common Distribution

Distribution activities implemented by multiple companies.

4.36 Distribution Center Distribution center

A logistics site or organization engaged in distribution operations. Should basically meet the following requirements:

(1) Mainly for specific user services;

(2) Sound distribution function;

(3) Perfect information network;

(4) Small radiation range;

(5) Multiple varieties and small batches;

(6) Distribution is the main method, and storage is supplemented.

4.37 Sorting Sorting

Sort the items according to the variety, order, and storage.

4·38 pick 0rder picking

According to the requirements of the order or delivery order, select the items from the storage place and place the work in the designated place.

4.39 Goods Collection

Concentrate scattered or small batches of items for transportation and distribution.

4·40 Assemble with Assemb1y

Prior to distribution, the organization of the loading of articles is organized in accordance with the flow, flow direction of the articles, and the carrying capacity and volume of the vehicles.

4·41 circulation processing

The general term for simple operations such as packaging, splitting, metering, sorting, brush marking, marking, and assembly, as necessary, from the place of production to the place of use.

4·42 Cold Chain Cold chain

In order to maintain the quality of fresh foods and frozen foods, a logistics network equipped with specialized equipment has been kept at a low temperature from production to consumption.

4.43 Inspection Inspection

According to the contract or standard, the general term for the inspection and acceptance of the quality, quantity, and packaging of the subject matter.

5· Logistics technical equipment and facilities terminology 5·1 warehouse warehouse

The general name of the building and site where the goods are stored and stored.

5.2 Treasury Storehouse

There are roofs and enclosures for enclosed buildings that store various items.

5.3 Automatic Warehouse Automatic Warehouse

The management and control by the electronic computer do not require manual transportation operations, but realize the warehouse for sending and receiving operations.

5·4 Stereoscopic Warehouse

Warehouses that use high-rise shelves to store cargo in boxes or pallets, and stack road cranes and other machinery to carry out operations.

5·5 Virtual Warehouse Virtual varehouse

Established on the basis of computer and network communication technology, logistics facilities for storing, keeping, and remote control of goods. Can realize different states, space, time, shippers' effective scheduling and unified management.

5·6 Bonded Warehouse Boned Warehouse

With the approval of the Customs, under the supervision of the Customs, it is reserved exclusively for the storage of goods that have not been subject to customs formalities and have entered or transited goods.

5·7 Export Supervised Warehouse

With the approval of the Customs, under the supervision of the Customs, the storage has obtained the export goods license or approval document as required, and has purchased the foreign exchange for foreign exchange settlement and has completed the export of the goods to the Customs and Excise Department.

5. 8 Cargo under custom'S Supervision

Within the scope of customs approval, goods subject to customs clearance for import, export, transit, transshipment, and shipment, as well as bonded goods and other inbound and outbound goods that have not yet completed customs procedures.

5·9 Chill space

An area of ​​the warehouse maintains its temperature in the range of 0°C to 10°C.

5·10 Freeze space

In an area of ​​the warehouse, the temperature is kept below 0°C.

5·11 Controlled Humidity Storage Area

The warehouse is equipped with humidity modulating equipment to make the warehouse area with adjustable humidity.

5.12 temperature controllable area

The temperature can be adjusted within a certain range of the warehouse area as required.

5·13 Receiving Space

Before checking in warehouse items, check and check in the areas to be prepared.

5.14 shipping area Shipping space

Concentrated items to be shipped.

5·15 Shelf Goods shed

Simple buildings for the storage of certain items generally have no or only partial walls.

5·16 Yard Goods Yard

Used to store certain objects in large areas.

5·17 Shelf Goods shelf

A three-dimensional storage facility consisting of a stand, partition, or bracket.

5.18 Tray Pallet

Horizontal platform device for loading, stacking, handling, and transportation of goods and products as unit loads.

5.19 Fork lift truck

A variety of forklifts are capable of lifting, moving and loading and unloading cargo.

5·20 conveyor Conveyor

A machine that continuously transports items.

5.21 Automatic guided vehicle (AGV)

A trackless transport vehicle that can automatically travel to a designated location.

5.22 Box Car

In addition to all the mechanical properties of a regular car, it must also have a fully enclosed box-type body that facilitates loading and unloading of the doors.

5.23 Container Container

The container is a transportation device. The following requirements should be met:

a. With sufficient strength, it can be used repeatedly for a long time;

b. Suitable for one or more modes of transportation, and the goods in the box do not need to be replaced when transported on the way:

c. With a device for quick handling and handling, it is particularly convenient to transfer from one mode of transport to another;

d. Easy to fill and empty the goods;

e. Has a volume of 1 cubic meter and above.

The term container does not include vehicles and general packaging.

5.24 conversion box Twenty-feet equiva1ent unit (TEU)

Also called standard box. The Twenty-feet equlvalent unit (TEU) uses a 20-foot container as a conversion unit.

5.25 Special cargo container

The general name of the container used to ship special items.

5.26 full container ship Full container ship

The cabin has a fixed or movable grid structure, and a fastening device for fixing the container is arranged on the canopy and on the deck to facilitate the operation and positioning of the container.

5.27 railway container yard Railway container yard

Carry out container transportation, delivery, loading and unloading, storage, unloading and unpacking, door-to-door operations, and organize special operations such as container trains.

5·28 highway container transfer station Inland container depot

It has the place of container transfer, door-to-door transport and container cargo unpacking, packing, warehousing and access, delivery, loading and unloading, and storage.

5.29 container freight station Container freight station (CFS)

LCL cargo devanning, packing, handling the transfer site.

5·30 container terminal Container terminal

Specially designed for docking container ships and loading and unloading containers.

5.31 international through raiIway transport

Using a unified international railway transport bill, a transnational railway carrier handles the entire journey of the two or more railways between the two countries or both, and assumes a coherent mode of transport responsibility.

5.32 international multimdal transport

In accordance with the multimodal transport contract, the multimodal transport operator transports the goods from the place of takeover in one country to the designated place of delivery in another country by at least two different modes of transport.

5.33 continental bridge transport Land bridge transport

The use of transcontinental railroads or highways as intermediate bridges, a coherent mode of transport that connects the transport of the oceans on both sides of the mainland.

5.34 Liner transport

On a fixed route, in the established port sequence, the water transportation method is based on a previously announced schedule.

5.35 charter shipping by chartering

According to the agreement, the charterer leases the ship to the owner of the ship for the carriage of the goods and, at the agreed freight rate, pays the shipowner the mode of transportation for the freight or rent.

5.36 Shipping Agency Shipping agency

According to the carrier's entrustment, the agency conducts business activities related to the entry and exit of ships.

5.37 international freight forwarding Tnternational freight forwarding agent

The economic organization that accepts the entrustment of the consignee of the import and export goods and the consignor and, in the name of the consignor or himself, deals with international cargo transportation and related businesses for the consigner and receives remuneration for the service.

5.38 tally Tally

During loading and unloading of cargo, the number of points (points), measurements, defects in inspections, guided stowage stowage, check marks, inspection packaging, sub-tickets, sub-marks, and on-site visas were compared against the cargo transport bills.

5.39 international cargo transportation insurance

In international trade, insurance that uses goods in international transportation as the subject of insurance is compensated for damage to property caused by natural disasters and accidents.

5.40 Customs declaration

The consignee or consignee of the import and export goods or their agent shall handle the entire process of entry and exit formalities with the customs.

5·41 Customs Broker Customs broker

Dedicated agency to inbound and outbound customs business.

5.42 Import and Export Commodity Inspection

Referred to as "commodity inspection." Determine the quality, specification, weight, quantity, packaging, safety performance, health indicators, and shipping technology and shipping conditions of the import and export commodities. Conduct inspections and appraisals to determine whether they are consistent with trade contracts and relevant standards, and whether they meet the requirements. The relevant laws and administrative regulations of the import and export countries.

6·Logistics Management Terms 6·1 Logistics Strategy

In order to seek the sustainable development of logistics, we have formulated long-term and overall plans and strategies for the development goals of logistics and the means and means for achieving the goals.

6.2 Logistic Strategy Management

The logistics organization implements and controls the process according to the established logistics strategy.

6.3 Warehouse Management

Planning and controlling inventory items, warehouse facilities, and their layout.

6·4 Warehouse layout warehouse layout

In a certain area or reservoir area, the scientific planning and overall design of the number, scale, geographical location, warehouse facilities, and roads of the warehouse are carried out.

6·5 Inventory Control

On the premise of guaranteeing supply, the technical and economic measures for effectively managing the number of inventory items are minimized.

6·6 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

By balancing the purchase purchase cost and storage warehousing cost accounting, the optimal order quantity with the lowest total inventory cost is achieved.

6·7 quantitative ordering method Fixed-quantity system(FQS)

An inventory management method that supplements ordering by a specified amount (generally based on economic order quantities) when the inventory quantity drops to the lowest predetermined inventory quantity (order point).

6·8 regular order method Fixed-interval system (FIS)

An inventory management method that supplements ordering during pre-determined order intervals.

6·9 ABC classification management ABC classification

Inventory items are divided into three levels: inventory (category A), general inventory (category B), and unimportant inventory (category C), which are particularly important, according to the type and amount of funds used, and are managed separately for different levels. control.

6·10 Electronic Order System (E0S)

A system for ordering and ordering information exchange between different organizations using online communications and terminal equipment in an online connection.

6·11 Just in time (JIT)

In order to precisely determine the operational efficiency of each process, the order is accurately planned according to the order, and a management mode that eliminates all ineffective operations and consumption is a goal.

6·12 just-in-time logistics Just-in-timeogistics

A modern logistics approach based on the concept of just-in-time (JIT) management.

6 · 13 zero inventory technology Zero an inventory Technology

In the field of production and circulation, JIT organizes the supply of materials, so that the entire process inventory is minimized.

6·14 logistics cost management

Planning, coordination and control of logistics-related costs.

6.15 Material requirements planning (MRP)

A mode of material planning management in industrial manufacturing enterprises. According to the relationship between the subordinates and quantities of the products at each level of the product structure, each item is the object of the plan, and the completion date is the time base inversion plan, and the order of the planned time of each item is distinguished according to the length of the advance period.

6.16 Manufacturing Resource Planning (Manifest Resource Planning) (MRPII)

From the perspective of overall optimization, scientific methods are used to rationally and effectively plan, organize, control, and coordinate various manufacturing resources of the company and all aspects of the company's production and management, so as to achieve both continuous and balanced production and maximum Reduce the inventory of various items, and improve the management of economic benefits.

6.17 Distribution Requirements planning (DRP)

A planning method that not only ensures that the market needs are met effectively, but also that the logistics resources are deployed at the lowest cost, is the use of MRP principles and methods in the distribution of goods.

6·18 Distribution Resource Planning Distrlbution resource planning (DRPII)

An enterprise product distribution planning system management model. It is on the basis of DRP to improve the logistics capabilities of all aspects to achieve the purpose of system optimization.

6·19 Logistics Resource Planning (LRP)

By using logistics as the basic means, it breaks the boundaries between production and circulation, and integrates manufacturing resource plans, capacity resource plans, distribution demand plans, and function plans to optimize the allocation of material resources.

6·20 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

On the basis of MRPII, through feedforward logistics and feedback of information flow and capital flow, we integrate customer needs with the company's internal production and operation activities and suppliers' resources, reflecting a type of business management that is completely based on user needs. The new management method.

6.21 Supply Chain Management (Supply chain management (SCM)

Use computer network technology to comprehensively plan the business flow, logistics, information flow, and capital flow in the supply chain and plan, organize, coordinate and control it.

6·22 Quick Response Quick response (QR)

In the face of multi-species and small-batch buyer's markets, logistics companies do not reserve “products” but prepare various “elements”. When users request, they can extract “elements” as quickly as possible and “assemble” them in time. , provide the required services or products.

6.23 effective customer response (ECR)

A supply chain management strategy that can meet the requirements of customers and minimize the costs of logistics processes, and can timely make accurate responses to optimize the supply of goods or services.

6·24 Continuous Inventory Supplementary Program Continuous replenishment program (CRP)

The use of timely and accurate point-of-sale information to determine the quantity of merchandise that has been sold, and the planning method for determining the quantity and delivery time of shipments based on the retailer or wholesaler’s inventory information and pre-defined inventory replenishment procedures.

6.25 Computer assisted ordering (CA0)

Based on inventory and customer demand information, the use of computers for automated order management system.

6.26 Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI)

Upstream companies such as suppliers manage and control downstream customers' inventory based on their downstream customers' production and operation and inventory information.

6·27 Business Outsourcing 0utsourcing

In order to obtain more competitive advantages than merely using internal resources, the company assigns its non-core business to the cooperative.