The promotion of unmanned factories in China is also a gradual process. Whether or not large-scale unmanned factories can be popularized is related to manpower costs. On April 9, 30 years ago, the world's first unmanned factory was born in Japan. Now as technology advances and labor costs rise, unmanned factories are gaining popularity around the world. More and more artificial intelligence is used in the field of production, becoming a new force in the modern manufacturing industry.

Tracing the source: the first "unmanned factory" built in Japan

"Unmanned factory is all the production activities controlled by the computer to produce first-line equipped with robots without the factory workers." Zhao Dongying, director of Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics of Northeastern University, said April 9, 1984 Day, the world's first experimental unmanned plant built in Japan's Tsukuba Science City, and began trial operation.

Luo Baihui, a global robotics industry research expert, said: "Because Japan lacks manpower, it started its business as early as possible and took the lead in building an unmanned factory that can increase production efficiency, which is why the world's first unmanned factory was born."

According to the Japanese industrial robotics industry executive director Miyamoto finished the second, it is from this period began, the robot was welcomed by business owners, after just a dozen years, Japan has become the robot kingdom, the robot's production and the actual The number of installations ranks first in the world.

How efficient: from one hundred to four, from two weeks to one day

"In an unmanned factory that uses artificial intelligence, all the work is done with computer-controlled robots, CNC machines, unmanned vehicles and automated warehouses, where people are not directly involved in the work. Workers become 'commanders' and 'doctors' 'In the daytime, only a few workers in the factory have done some verification and some instructions have been revised. In the night, only two or three supervisors are left behind. "Zhao said.

In the past, small gear machines, diesel engines and the like, which used the latest machinery controlled by nearly one hundred skilled workers and computers, took two weeks to be manufactured. With the unmanned factory, it took only one day for four workers to make it.

Under normal circumstances, unmanned factory is just a business "unmanned production workshop" is a part of the entire production process in the enterprise, according to Zhao Shibing introduction, in addition to the direct production process operators, managers, in Behind the production process is still a huge research and management team.

The industrial application of artificial intelligence is a complicated system engineering, while the key technologies of unmanned factory include flexible production technology, industrial robot control technology, overall safety and monitoring technology, system safety monitoring of all machines and so on. The status of each robot, the status of each instrument, any problems have to be early warning. At this stage of the production line to a certain extent, to achieve a very high degree of automation, all parts of the robot collaborative to complete the loading, moving, processing, packing and other operations.

Cover a wide range of: the world's industrial robots installed capacity has exceeded one million units

"Nowadays, unmanned factories in the automotive and aircraft manufacturing industries have become quite popular, almost all of which are robot-operated, with people acting side-by-side, such as unmanned production at a few plastic-fitting factories." Said that industrial robots are the core equipment in unmanned factories, and large-scale manufacturing enterprises such as automobile manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, electronic devices, integrated circuits and plastic processing all involve the application of industrial robots. In industrialized countries, industrial robots have experienced rapid development for nearly half a century and their technologies have become more and more mature. They have been widely used in many industrial fields.

"As an irreplaceable important equipment and measure in advanced manufacturing industry, industrial robots have become an important symbol of a country's manufacturing industry and science and technology. Especially in some special operations, industrial robots are more than manpower substitutes First of all. "Luo Baihui said that from the second half of the 20th century, the world robot industry has maintained a good momentum of steady growth. The world's industrial robot market has a bright future: from 1960 to the end of 2006, a total of 1.75 million industrial robots were installed globally Since 2005, the number of industrial robots newly installed in the world has reached over 100,000 sets each year. Since 2008, the installed capacity of industrial robots worldwide has exceeded 1 million sets, or about 1,053,700 sets, and this figure is still increasing.

No factory in China, China's industrial robot proportion of about three-three thousandths

China has become one of the fastest growing industrial robots in the world. Now many big companies have plans to introduce robots, including Foxconn and Skyworth. Many companies are investing in R & D to replace workers.

On the one hand, there is more demand in China. As the cost of labor in China grows, more and more industrial robots are put into operation. On the other hand, developed countries in the world have also used industrial robots on a large scale. China still has a long way to go. For example, there may be three robots in a hundred foreign workers, but there may be only three robots in our country, perhaps a thousand.

Can a large-scale development, and labor costs

British "Economist" magazine said that "the third industrial revolution" is in progress, that is, the digital revolution in manufacturing. Here the "third" simply put, refers to the factory "unmanned" and "custom.

"Our country to promote unmanned factory is also a gradual process.China's labor costs and foreign rose a lot, the future of our unmanned plant demand is great, but there is still a certain gap with foreign countries." Luo Baihui that industrial robots will be a lot of access In some factories, replacing 20% ​​with 30% of workers will liberate a large amount of labor force and enter other industries such as service industries, which is our goal in recent years.

However, the future whether large-scale use of unmanned plants, which is related to labor costs. "If the price of industrial robots can replace one and a half workers' wages for a year and a half, a lot of factories may buy them, and if the cost of manpower is still going to rise, if there is this trend, I think there will be more industrial robot factories in the future. Manpower costs to Japan, Europe that state, we are imagined unmanned factory will also be more and more. "Luo Baihui analysis pointed out that" unmanned factory "to use robot production, although a large initial investment, but the long-term benefit ratio Labor cost-effective; and more secure product quality, reduce human quality problems. However, the current robot technology in the fine processing links, as well as the middle of the transition between machines and machines, lack of technical implementation, which are the direction of future efforts.

Entrepreneurs say: Give monotonous repetitive work to robots

In 2011, Foxconn head Gou said publicly that Foxconn will manufacture 300,000 robots at a speed of 1,000 units a day for monotonous and dangerous work and improve the company's automation and production efficiency. While setting up its base to develop and produce robots, it hopes to assemble 1 million robotic arms by 2014 and see the first fully automated plants in 5 to 10 years.

In the past two years, on different occasions, Gou stressed the importance of automation. In his words, giving monotonous repetitive work to robots is a signal sent by China's manufacturing industry to the world that China should become a "manufacturing Industry kingdom ", success or failure of the move is to" demographic dividend "into a" mind bonus. "

However, some people in the industry analyzed that although Gou is expecting to automate the cost pressures and the increasingly fierce product competition brought by the rising salary standard in the future, in the year when the short-term performance declines, the cost constraints of developing and applying the robot, the process Demand and business risks have become a drag on the three-year "million-robot" plan.

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