Perspective of the Development of Rural Areas in Central and Western China: Blindly Building Housing Land

In recent times, I have returned to the villages of western Fujian and witnessed some changes in the countryside. What I have seen from several points of view has also triggered some of my reflections. We can conclude that it may reflect some problems in the development of rural areas in the central and western regions.

Blind building is bound to be vacant

In recent years, the rapid economic development in the central region has triggered a new round of housing construction in rural areas. The new rural construction campaign has also played a role in fueling the rise. Everywhere is the construction or construction of new buildings. The past is a low-rise single-story house. It was demolished and replaced by buildings ranging from the second floor to the fourth or fifth floor. However, if you look closely, you will find several hidden problems behind the building.

First, the construction of the house is simple and repetitive, lacking in features. The vast majority of rural buildings are simply not designed or even designed at all, and they have almost a thousand rooms and a single style. They are all large and straight rooms. Many people pay attention to face, unreasonable comparison, in order to build their own spacious and tall house, in the case of insufficient funds had to save labor and materials, build a simple rough housing, interior and exterior wall painting, ground floor Bricks, installing window glass, etc. are not capable of doing it, just a roofed frame. Due to the lack of design, people have copied each other in a popular style. For example, in Roman style, many farmers have no other designs to refer to. They have followed suit and have not yet reached the position. The Roman column has a large roof, like a suit. Guapi hat, everywhere the so-called "Roman style." This is in contrast with the developed country villas’ pursuit of their own style.

Housing is real estate. Currently, most buildings are constructed of reinforced concrete structures. Their life span is 560 years or even 100 years. However, it will take a long time. In a decade or two, China will gradually enter the developed world. These designs are simple and quality. Rural dwellings that are low, single in structure, and have a disorderly distribution will become obsolete and become obsolete after a further increase in material life and spiritual and cultural life requirements in the future, as measured by the current standard of living several decades ago. The simple townships are already hard to live in. Compared with the reform and opening up, rural areas have also started to build house-building fever, and villages and villages have built new houses with a large number of brick and tile structures. It has been a decade or two before. It is now quite common in the reinforced concrete structures and new high-rise houses. Crowded and obsolete, and some still block the planned roads or facilities in the village, and had to tear down and rebuild. Now the scale of building a house is much larger than then, then it is very likely that it will undergo massive demolition and reconstruction, resulting in great waste. This is also reinforced by the second factor below.

The lack of rational planning and the idea that the bigger the house is, the better it is. It also allows farmers to “make the best use of it” when they build a house. The limited homestead is covered with houses. As a result, many houses in the village are densely covered and disorganized, squeezing public land. To be very small, future public facilities and road traffic are difficult to plan.

Second, at the same time that the total amount of rural housing is growing rapidly, the rural population is rapidly declining and it will definitely cause huge waste in the future. Farmers building houses are basically "great for many," not only to build houses, but also to cover four floors without covering three floors, and to cover two buildings without building one. I visited several families in my home village, and my hosts were very proud to lead me to visit their "luxury house". The area is huge and it is empty. There are two families, each with four-storey and five-storey high-rises, with an area of ​​more than 800 square meters and more than 1,000 square meters. However, only three or four people live at home, and three or more layers are raising chickens or raising pigs. Vacant, messy. Asked the head of the villagers group, this group has a total of 40 households, 194 people, more than half of them work or live outside, but the new building covers an area of ​​more than 300 square meters, an average of more than 500 square meters, many households are still One after another, who will live in the future?

This is a common phenomenon. Especially in the central and western regions, a large number of young people go out to work, to take care of their parents and children left behind, or to buy a family property, take back their years of savings to build houses in their hometowns, and seek unrealistic requests. Gao Qiu Da. However, in reality, many people rarely return home. In the future, most people will settle in the field. The reform of the household registration system will further reinforce this trend. The Blue Book of the China Urban Development Report (2012) recently published by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences believes that in the next 20 years, China will have hundreds of millions of farmers to enter the city and become citizens. On the one hand, the rapid outflow of population means that the population of rural areas will be reduced by 300 million to 400 million before and after 2030. On the other hand, it is an upsurge of housing construction. It is only a matter of time before rural housing appears vacant or even abandoned.

The environment is beautiful and the environment is poor

Environmental quality not only reflects the quality of material life, but also represents an increase in the level of cultural life and civilization. A comfortable living environment not only makes people feel physically and mentally comfortable, but also represents an increase in the residents' happiness index. In contrast, rural environmental development has lagged far behind towns. For more than 30 years, the intensity and investment in urban construction have been the focus of development. The city appearance and environmental improvement in cities, especially those in first- and second-tier cities and developed coastal areas, are rapidly approaching developed countries. It can be said that many cities’ municipal facilities and cityscapes The environment is no better than the developed countries. The construction of public facilities in rural areas and the improvement of the small environment are still at an early stage.

When you go to the countryside, you often give people the feeling of “look like a garden and see the smelly dead”. This is the Jiangnan Water Township, closing the mountains to cultivate forests, soil and water conservation for decades. Looking far beyond the mountains and blue waters, blue sky and white clouds, the green trees are flanked by new buildings. It is like a paradise. However, when entering the village, it is often found that the small environment is dirty and chaotic. The houses were not covered in a mess and there was no need for finishing and hardening of the ground behind the houses in front of the house. The weeds were thick and the road was muddy. Because there are no sewage treatment facilities, garbage disposal facilities and other public health facilities, and there is a lack of unified management, wastewater is caused to cross flow, garbage is dumped everywhere, and the smelly air is left for a long time. The mosquitoes and flies grow up, and free-range chickens, ducks and pigs are squashed and discharged everywhere. It's a no secret.

Another problem is the family health and personal hygiene problems of the peasants. Peasants who have just escaped poverty and are well off their well-to-do life are far from keeping up with the progress of the material life. The house is new, big and spacious, and there are many household appliances. Some people start buying cars. However, the living habits and ideological concepts are still in the past. Houses are in a mess, old things, food, farm tools, pots and pans are stacked in a cluttered manner, and the pens toilets are all open, stench, and more. In addition, people eat pigs and cook in the same pot, wash their faces, wash their feet, and use the same pot as the food. The kitchen is black and oily. The diet and dishes are dirty, and sometimes it is dark, making it hard to swallow. Free-range, the house running around the house. Personal hygiene is less stressful, and clothes, hands and face are dirty. The above phenomenon is quite common. The author once visited a rural friend’s house. The house was new. The upper and lower floors were spacious and bright. I was envied by the people who lived in the volute chamber, but the house was untidy, dusty, and the kitchen had been smoked darkly. The glass cups, which were very moist and eager to the owner, had a greasy body and a layer of foam on the water. As a result, few people dared to drink.

The construction and improvement of new rural areas should also attach importance to the improvement of the small environment and sanitation. In terms of improving the quality of life, it is even more important than the construction of other hardware facilities. The changes in peasants’ life and hygiene habits need a long period of time. They should help farmers understand the importance of environment and health through the transformation of the environment, the construction of facilities, training, and demonstrations of education. They should combine the formulation of public regulations and strengthen management. Unsanitary and uncivilized behaviors in rural areas are constrained. This is an important part of improving the quality of the people.

Cultivated land is worth noting

Having visited many villages and farmland, everywhere can see the land reclamation, and sometimes even a few tens of acres of fertile land fall into pieces. Some of the more remote mountains and low-yield fields are idle for many years, and have a long thatch. Even if they are farmed, many farmers only plant one season. Between the early rice and the late rice, the harvested rice is enough for one family to eat. There are not many kinds of rice. If the double cropping rice is converted into a crop, the proportion of land reclamation should be higher. Looking at the data, the phenomenon of abandonment has gradually increased since the turn of the century, and from south to north, from east to west, it is universal, generally within 10% of the total area. However, the area of ​​reclamation in some localities is astonishingly high. For example, Tongjiang County in Sichuan Province had 570,000 mu of arable land in 2007, and the area of ​​abandoned agricultural land was 180,000 mu, accounting for 31.6%. The number of households involved was more than 50,000, accounting for more than 30% of the total number of households.

Recalling the era before the reform and opening up, when men, women, and children aged half of the year were tired and half dead, even the small plots on the corners of the village were still trying to transform the cold paddy fields and change the dry lands into paddy fields and increase the planting area. Even so, the country will need to return for relief food every year. Now that the population has grown, so much farmland has been abandoned, but there has been no grain shortage. On the one hand, it reflects that the increase in agricultural productivity is quite alarming. On the other hand, it can be seen that the attraction of farming land to farmers is gradually decreasing.

Of course, most of the farmers still value the income of farming. Asked a distant relative who last year spent only 18 days of paddy fields in total, and collected 18 wet valleys. After drying, there was about 60 kilograms of a Tam Valley, and 100 kilograms of dried grain a day. For other expenditures, the one-day net income is equivalent to fifty to sixty yuan, which means that the benefits are still relatively high. And nowadays, many of the rice field operations have been mechanized. The farmers have already got rid of the hard work of “facing the loess on the back of a rock and bending back a few thousand years”. However, even if this is the case, many people are still unwilling to plant land and are willing to waste their land. I am afraid that this is not just the interest-driven approach. This is because in order to increase the enthusiasm of farmers to farm land and make farmers grow land profitably, the government’s purchase price for rice has been increasing, and the income from planting land has been increased by granting various subsidies and other beneficial farm policies. However, the reality is that the wasteland seems to increase year by year. . Some farmers are willing to lease the paddy fields to others and receive subsidies from the government themselves.

Asked some villagers, the reasons for the reclamation are very complicated, some young people go out to work, the elderly can not do the farm work, had no choice but to lie there; some are rich families, do not expect that farming income; there is an important reason is the price of agricultural materials From seed and fertilizer to artificial and mechanical operations, the cost has gone up, and the comparative benefits have gradually decreased, making farming more and more unattractive. It is simply lazy. They look down on rice and earn some hard-won money, even though they are poor. I'd rather be idle. In the example mentioned earlier, the income of one day was between fifty and sixty yuan. It is not a problem to earn one hundred or eighty yuan a day by working in the city. There is no work in the headwaters of a paddy field. The foot of the field is muddy, dirty, and tired. No wonder many people do not compare the two. Willing to plant land.

The role of market regulation and government regulation has made grain supply and demand balance over the years. Under such circumstances, a certain amount of cultivated land may be unavoidable or even inevitable. It is a response to the food market. However, the government should pay close attention to prevent the occurrence of large numbers of wasteland because the farming season is orderly. Once the land is abandoned, it will be difficult to remedy the situation. In the event of a natural disaster, it may lead to a shortage of food and agricultural and sideline products, causing transitive inflation. On the other hand, we must lead the way for wealth for the farmers after the Xiaokang. Our agricultural industry as a whole is still lagging behind and has great potential. From the perspective of the needs of more than one billion people, the development of featured agriculture is just at the initial stage and the prospects are very broad. In fact, one of the important reasons for farmland reclamation is that farmers do not have other choices, lack of planting and breeding information, guidance for getting rich, and unimpeded circulation systems. At the same time, lack of land circulation mechanism also restricts the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Therefore, there are actually too many inspirations behind the reclamation of cultivated land. It is worth considering and there are too many things to do.

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