Basic knowledge of coal mine maps - identification and application of mine maps

In various basic mine survey maps, the mining engineering plan is the most representative and important foundation map. This section takes the mining project plan as an example to introduce the identification and application of the mine map.

Reading mining plan engineering primarily geological formation elements and occurrence of coal layer and the mutual positional relationship between the various underground roadway unclear.

1 The characteristics of the coal seam and the reading of geological structures

The production elements and geological structures of coal seams are mainly identified by the coal seam floor contours and related mine map symbols. The direction of the coal seam is the extension direction of the coal seam floor contour line. The coal seam tends to be perpendicular to the coal seam floor contour line from high to low. The coal seam inclination angle needs to calculate the contour height and contour of the coal seam floor contour. The inverse of the line flatness ratio is obtained. The geological structure of the coal seam needs to be read through the contour line of the coal seam floor together with the relevant mine map symbols. For example, if the contour line of the coal seam floor is bent, it is generally indicated that there is a fold structure; if the contour line of the coal seam floor is interrupted or staggered, it may be caused by geological structures such as collapse columns and faults. In the common mine map symbol table listed in Table 16-1, the upper disc of the fault plane intersection line is indicated by "-·-·-", and the lower disc is indicated by "-×-×-". As for the fault element, it can be obtained by using the knowledge of the elevation projection.

2 Identification of the relationship between various roadways

The roadways on the plan of the mining project are criss-crossed. To identify the interrelationships and uses between them, not only must they have the basic knowledge of elevation projection, but also knowledge about the layout of the roadway in the mining method. Here, the identification methods of various roadways and their mutual relations are elaborated.

(1) Identification of vertical roadways, horizontal roadways and inclined roadways

The vertical roadway on the plan of the mining project is represented by special symbols. The key is to distinguish the difference between them and the drilling symbols. Note that the drilling symbols are generally isolated, while the vertical roadways are connected to other roadways. In addition, it can also be distinguished by using the name of the marked roadway, such as the main well, the auxiliary well, the dark vertical well, and the slippery coal, which are generally vertical lanes.

The horizontal roadway and the inclined roadway are mainly identified by the elevation of the wire points in the roadway. If the elevation of the wire point in the roadway does not change much, it is a horizontal roadway, otherwise it is a sloped roadway. In addition, the name of the roadway can also be used to identify, such as inclined wells, uphills, downhills, etc. are inclined roadways, flats, stone gates, transportation lanes, etc. are generally horizontal roadways.

(2) Identification of coal roadway and rock lane

The distinction between coal roadway and rock roadway is mainly distinguished by the relationship between the elevation of the coal seam floor contour line and the elevation of the wire point inside the roadway. If the elevation of the two is very close, it is a coal lane, otherwise it is a rock lane; it can also distinguish some coal lanes and rock lanes by the name of the roadway. For example, Shimen and surrounding rock roads are rock lanes, open cut, transport, and work. Most of the windward lanes are coal lanes.

(3) Roadway intersection, phase error or overlap The roadway intersection and phase error are mainly through the relationship between the elevations of the conductor points in the two lanes. The two lanes intersect on the plan of the mining project. If the elevations of the intersections are the same (if not specified, they can be obtained by interpolating the elevation), they are intersecting, otherwise they are wrong. For example, in Figure 16-17, the roadway 4 intersects the roadway 1 and the roadway 2, and the roadway 3 and the roadway 2 are in phase error. In addition, when the roadway is painted with two lines, the intersection of the wrong roadway, the upper roadway is continuous, the lower roadway is interrupted; the intersection line of the intersecting roadway is interrupted, as shown in Figure 1-17.

(a) (b)

Figure 1-17 Identification of the intersection or phase error relationship of lanes

An overlapping roadway means that two roadways with different elevations are located in the same vertical plane. At this time, on the plan of the mining project, they are overlapped, but the upper and lower roadways can be distinguished by the elevation of the conductor points in the roadway; in addition, the upper roadway is drawn by solid lines, and the lower roadway is used. Drawn by the dotted line, as shown in Figure 1-18.

(a) (b)

Figure 1-18 Identification of the overlapping relationship of roadways

3 examples of mining engineering plan

Figure 1-19 shows the plan (minus) of a coal mining project in a coal mine. The scale is 1:5000. Only one part of the mining area and the second mining area of ​​-300m level are drawn.

It can be seen from the figure that the coal seam is a zonal development of the vertical shaft, and the working face is arranged by the longwall method; the normal fault with a drop of about 22 m is the boundary line between the first and second mining areas; the elevation of the main well is +39.8 m, the well is a bottom elevation -335.2m, therefore, found that the main depth 375m; contour apparent binding seam floor, -300m horizontal shaft bottom is perpendicular to the top seam to seam disposed slate layer; Crosscut shaft bottom by the horizontal The transportation lane connecting, the elevation of the conductor point in the main road and the elevation of the contour line of the coal seam floor, it is known that the horizontal transportation lane is arranged in the rock layer of the coal seam floor; the total return air is arranged in the rock layer of the upper coal seam of the mining area. The lane is connected to the mining area and the wind shaft through the stone gate.

4 Application of mining engineering plan

The plan of the mining project is to understand the mining project and geological structure of the mine, to carry out the mining excavation engineering design and the geological prediction of the mining engineering and to command the production of the mine. It can also be used to draw the production plan map, the ventilation system map, and the well control. Drawings and drawings such as “three quantities” calculation charts. In addition, the mining project plan has the following uses.

4.1 Find the length and inclination of the roadway

As shown in Figure 1-20, the actual length L _AB and the inclination angle δ of the roadway AB are required to first take the horizontal length d _{AB of the} two points of the _AB and calculate the height difference h _AB between the two points A and B by using the marked elevation _. Then calculate L _{AB and} δ as follows:

4.2 Calculate coal production

As shown in Figure 1-20, coal production in April is required. Assuming the scale of the drawing is 1:2000, you can calculate it as follows:

Figure 1-20 Calculation of coal production

(1) Calculate the horizontal area S' of the mining area in April

Calculate the horizontal length of FE, NM, FN, and EM from the graph with a scale bar and then calculate S' :

(2) Calculate the actual recovery area S

(3) Calculate the recovery volume V

(4) Calculate coal production in April Q

Set the weight of coal ,then:

Coffee Grinder

Coffee Grinder