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In a variety of ships, in order to ensure its navigational performance and service performance, require a large number of mechanical equipment and electrical equipment to meet a variety of different needs. In the ship machinery and equipment, the pump is a large number, a wide variety and the role of important machinery and equipment. Generally, we refer to pumps used on ships as well as harbor pumps serving the ships as a marine pump. In order to ensure the normal navigation or mooring of the ship, meet the necessities of life of the crew and passengers, and ensure the stability, anti-sinking property, residence, safety, vitality and certain special missions of the ship, a certain amount of energy Play a corresponding role in the marine pump. These pumps are not only installed in the ship's power plant, cargo handling, life service safety and other special systems, but also fitted in some of the ship aids. According to incomplete statistics. In a variety of ship auxiliary machinery and equipment, the total number of various types and different uses of marine pumps, accounting for about 20% to 30% of the total ship machinery and equipment. The total power consumed by a marine pump accounts for about 5% to 15% of the total energy consumption of the ship depending on the performance, function and equipment configuration of the ship. In addition, the cost of marine pumps in the cost of the ship equipment also relatively large proportion. In the total cost, marine pumps account for about 4% ~ 8% of the cost of the whole ship equipment. Under normal circumstances, a medium-sized ship's marine pump
Due to the ship's unique independence and its reasons for navigational ability, bearing capacity, workability, safety performance and dimensional weight requirements, certain special requirements for marine pumps that are different from those for other uses and land pumps are bound to be raised. These special requirements are often referred to as marine conditions. It is because of these marine conditions that the marine pump has certain degree of particularity in terms of parameter selection, structural design, manufacturing, selection of materials, test methods, acceptance criteria and conditions of use. If you embody some of the main points, can be broadly summarized as the following major aspects:
(1) reliable running performance, no cavitation damage problems.
(2) lower operating vibration and good vibration resistance.
(3) the smallest mechanical noise and liquid noise.
(4) small size, light weight, occupy less space.
(5) to ensure the normal operation of the tilt and swing conditions.
(6) Has sufficient impact resistance.
(7) good corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance. Procurement up to 10 million yuan. Of course, military ships and special vessels do not belong to the statistics.
8) Reliable sealing structure and sealing performance.
(9) easy to disassemble and no special tools.
(10) high degree of generalization and so on.
Third, the development of marine pump manufacturing industry
Before the liberation, our country did not have its own marine pump manufacturing industry, all kinds of powered small vessels on the pump is basically a land pump or land derived pump.
After the liberation, our country has its own shipbuilding industry. In the shipbuilding imitation stage, most of the marine pumps are made by the vessel bearing plant itself.
In the 1960s, with the development of the shipbuilding industry, the shipyards were no longer able to meet the production of marine pumps, so they went to be accepted by pump manufacturers.
The earliest production of marine pump factory in Shanghai Pump Factory and Tianjin Industrial Pump Factory, they are in accordance with the technical standards for marine pumps produced a number of varieties of the first marine pump products.
With the rapid development of the shipbuilding industry and the needs of military ships and special vessels, many large and medium-sized pump factories such as Shenyang Pump Factory, Changsha Pump Factory and Chongqing Pump Factory have successively trial-produced and produced some large and medium-sized marine pumps.
Quang Ninh Marine Pump Factory is the first professional manufacturer of marine pumps in the country. It undertakes trial production and production of about two hundred series of marine pump products in nearly ten series. Subsequently, Jiangsu Zhenhua Pump Factory and Guangdong Shunda Marine Engineering Company has also joined the ranks of manufacturers of marine pumps. At present, there are more than ten enterprises producing marine pumps in China.
Fourth, marine pump technology research results
The development of shipbuilding industry is a microcosm of the development of national economy and the improvement of national science and technology. With the development of shipbuilding industry in our country, the marine pumps in our country have been constantly developed, improved and perfected both in scientific research, design, production and technological level. This is due not only to the full absorption and utilization of design experience, production technology and scientific research achievements of other water pump industries, but also to the uninterrupted scientific research carried out for more than 40 years on the conditions of marine pumps and ships and the achievements made in the design and production Successful application and promotion in practice.
Research on the hydraulic model is one of the early achievements of the project. In the 1980s, a number of marine pump designed products were generally higher in efficiency than the original value of JB3559-1984 and to a certain extent approached or reached the international advanced level of similar products of the same period. In addition, the design of high cavitation pump performance, self-priming pump design and self-priming time calculation, selection of anti-corrosive materials, research on water-lubricated bearings, development of high pressure and variable pressure mechanical seals and standardization and serialization of products And universal have made a series of gratifying scientific research. We have also made remarkable achievements in solving the calculation method of special-purpose pumps, perfecting pump product structure and manufacturability, and made some useful contributions to the development of our shipbuilding industry and naval equipment construction.
Fifth, marine pump technology trends
With the development of science and technology as well as the design and application of the pump system of the ship and the enhancement of the requirements of the ship's door to the ship pumps, the research and design and manufacturing departments of the ship pumps have to continuously carry out the theoretical basis and engineering problems of the ship pumps the study. On the basis of the results already achieved, the research trends that have been or will be planned and are likely to be implemented today are mainly:
(1) Development of large-size pumps and special purpose pumps, including special sealed pumps, non-sealed pumps and special ships.
(2) Simplify and improve the structure of the pump to facilitate the installation and maintenance of the pump on the ship, maintain the maintenance workload and reduce the requirements for the operation and maintenance personnel and high-tech.
(3) Carrying out researches on the economy of marine pump itself and using the pump system, so that the designers and users of the pump jointly explore ways to improve the efficiency of the pump and the operating efficiency of the pump system.
(4) The use of advanced technology and equipment to improve the automation of marine pump speed and control, so that machine-side control and remote control simultaneously and digital centralized acquisition and processing.
(5) In the process of product design calculation, add the new content of reliability maintainability design calculation and evaluation standard research to develop fault forecasting technology.
(6) research, application and promotion of new engineering materials, to ensure the mechanical properties under the premise of full attention to a variety of materials, corrosion resistance and the availability of the media.
(7) Give full consideration to the installation and operation of marine pumps, improve the anti-vibration performance of pumps and reduce their operational vibration, mechanical noise and fluid noise.
(8) Improve the standardization, serialization and versatility of internal pump parts to minimize the number of special parts in the series to reduce the amount of spare parts on board.
Six, the main problems
According to the current situation, it can be considered that the technical level and production status of marine pumps in our country still have a big gap with the status quo in developed countries in the world. Compared with the ambitious goal of becoming the world's largest shipbuilding power in the near future, far. Therefore, the current shortcomings should be considered and the situation should be improved in the shortest possible time.
In general, the main problems now facing the marine pump industry generally include the following aspects:
(1) There is a serious shortage of technical force. On the one hand, there is a large fault in the professional and technical staff of the pump, on the other hand, the lack of high-level technical personnel.
(2) A serious shortage of investment in scientific research, a considerable number of business executives did not regard science and technology development as the basis and hope of survival and development of enterprises, ignoring technological innovation and investment in research.
(3) Outdated production design, backward manufacturing process and weak quality consciousness make the products produced out of design can not be completely matched with the design drawings, resulting in low product quality.
(4) too few varieties and specifications of products, many large and special purpose marine pump products is still blank. Product standardization, serialization and generalization of lower level.
(5) management mechanism is not perfect; there is a certain degree of unfair competition, product pre-market service and after-sales service quality is poor; product completeness is poor.
In short, marine pumps are a kind of products with certain characteristics, which need to be further developed and have a bright future. May we work together.