For the veterans of the automation industry, senior machine and electric engineers, choosing the right "robot" may be a simple job. But for those designers or factories that are preparing to buy and import robots for the first time, there may be some confusion. Let's discuss how to choose a suitable industrial robot from the aspects of 9 professional parameters. 01 application First of all, the most important source is to evaluate the imported robot, what kind of application is used and what kind of process. If the application process needs to be coordinated by the machine next to the manual, for the semi-automatic line of common human-machine mixing, especially when it is necessary to change the station or shift line frequently, and the case of the new torque sensor, the cooperative robot ( Cobots) should be a good option. If you are looking for a compact pick & place robot, you may want to choose a horizontal articulated robot (Scara). If you are looking for small objects for quick access, the parallel robot (Delta) is best suited for this need. In the following discussion, we will target the multi-axis of vertical joints. This robot can adapt to a very wide range of applications. From picking and discharging to palletizing, as well as spraying, deburring, welding and other special processes. Today, industrial robot manufacturers basically have a corresponding robot solution for each application process. All you have to do is to know which job you want the robot to do for you, and to choose the most suitable model from the different categories. The "robot" referred to in the factory 02 payload The payload is the maximum load that the robot can carry in its workspace. From, for example, 3Kg to 1300Kg. If you want the robot to carry the target workpiece from one station to another, you need to pay attention to the weight of the workpiece and the weight of the robot's claws to its workload. In addition, special attention should be paid to the load curve of the robot. The actual load capacity will vary at different distances in the spatial range. 03 degrees of freedom (number of axes) The number of axes configured by the robot is directly related to its degree of freedom. If it is for a simple straight-forward situation, such as picking up from one belt line to another, a simple 4-axis robot is enough. However, if the application scene is in a small workspace and the robot arm requires a lot of distortion and rotation, a 6- or 7-axis robot will be the best choice. The number of axes is generally dependent on the application. It should be noted that the number of axes that are selected a little more is not a problem in terms of flexibility, as long as the cost allows. This facilitates the subsequent reuse of the modified robot to another application process, which can adapt to more work tasks, rather than finding that the number of axes is insufficient. Robot manufacturers tend to use their slightly different axes or joint names. Basically, the first joint (J1) is the one closest to the base of the robot. The next joints are called J2, J3, J4 and so on until they reach the end of the wrist. Other Yaskawa/Motoman companies use letters to name their robot axes. 04 maximum operating range When evaluating a target application, you should know the maximum distance the robot needs to reach. Choosing a robot is not Just by its payload - you also need to consider the exact distance it arrives. Each company will give a map of the action range of the corresponding robot, from which it can be judged whether the robot is suitable for a specific application. The horizontal range of motion of the robot, pay attention to the non-working area of ​​the robot in the close and rear. The maximum vertical height of the robot is measured from the lowest point the robot can reach (usually below the base of the robot) to the maximum height (Y) that the wrist can reach. The maximum horizontal actuation distance is the distance (X) from the center of the robot base to the center of the farthest point that the wrist can reach horizontally. 05 repeat accuracy Again, this factor depends on your application. Repeatability can be described as the ability of a robot to complete a routine work task each time it reaches the same location. Generally between ±0.05mm to ±0.02mm, even more precise. For example, if you need your robot to assemble an electronic circuit board, you might need a super precision repeatable robot. If the application process is rough, such as packaging, palletizing, etc., industrial robots do not need to be so sophisticated. On the other hand, the selection requirements of the robot precision for assembly engineering are also related to the transmission and calculation of the dimensions and tolerances of the assembly engineering, such as the positioning accuracy of the incoming materials and the repeated positioning accuracy of the workpiece itself in the fixture. This indicator is expressed in positive or negative '±' from 2D. In fact, since the motion repetition point of the robot is not linear but moves in space 3D, the actual condition of the parameter can be anywhere within the spherical space within the tolerance radius. Of course, the current motion compensation with the current machine vision technology will reduce the robot's requirements and dependencies on incoming precision and improve the overall assembly accuracy. 06 speed This parameter is closely related to each user. In fact, it depends on the Cycle Time that needs to be completed in the job. The specification sheet lists the maximum speed of this type of robot, but we should know that considering the acceleration and deceleration from one point to another, the actual running speed will be between 0 and the maximum speed. This parameter unit is usually measured in degrees per second. Some robot manufacturers also mark the maximum acceleration of the robot. 07 body weight The weight of the robot body is an important factor in the design of the robot unit. If the industrial robot must be installed on a custom machine or even on a rail, you may need to know its weight to design the corresponding support. 08 brake and moment of inertia Basically each robot manufacturer provides information about their robot braking system. Some robots are equipped with brakes for all axes, and other robot models are not equipped with brakes for all axes. To ensure an accurate and repeatable position in the work area, a sufficient amount of brakes is required. In another special case, when an accidental power failure occurs, the load-bearing robot shaft without brakes will not lock up, posing a risk of accident. At the same time, some robot manufacturers also provide the moment of inertia of the robot. In fact, this will be an extra guarantee for the security of the design. You may also notice the applicable torque on different shafts. For example, if your action requires a certain amount of torque to get the job done right, you need to check that the maximum torque applied on the shaft is correct. If the selection is not correct, the robot may be down due to overload. 09 protection level According to the use environment of the robot, the standard that achieves a certain degree of protection (IP rating) is selected. Some manufacturers offer the same range of robots with different IP protection levels for different occasions.
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The IP rating will vary if the robot is working in a food-related product, medicine, medical device, or in a flammable or explosive environment. Generally, for example, standard: IP40, oil mist: IP67, cleaning ISO rating: