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Due to the complex composition of the antimony ore, it is usually necessary to undergo two stages of rough selection and selection to obtain the antimony concentrate that meets the smelting requirements. Since niobium minerals have a very high density, from 4.5 g/cm 3 to 8.3 g/cm 3 (see Table 1), the niobium mineral beneficiation is mainly carried out by re-election (screening, shaker, spiral sorter).
Table 1 Important niobium minerals
Mineral name
Crystal system
Crystal chemical formula
Ta 2 O 5 /%
Nb 2 O 5 /%
Density / (g · cm -3 )
magnetic
Tantalum iron ore
Oblique square
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb) 2 O 6
41～84
2.0~40.0
6.25~8.3
weak
Neodymium iron ore
Oblique square
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb) 2 O 6
1.0 to 40.0
23.5 to 77
5.2~6.25
weak
Burnt green stone
Isometric
(Na,Ca,Ta) 2 (Nb,Ti) 2 O 6 (OH,F)
0~5.86
37.5~65.6
4.12~5.35
non-
Fine spar
Isometric
(Na,Ca) 2 Ta 2 O 6 (OH,F)
68.4～77
0 to 7.7
4.2 to 6.4
non-
Ferroniobium rutile
Quartet
(Ti, Nb, Fe) O 2
0.2 to 14.7
0.9 to 42.7
4.3 to 5.6
weak
Titanium strontium strontium
Isometric
(Na,Ca,Sr,Ta)O(Ta,Nb,Ti)O 3
~0.75
~11.3
4.6 to 4.9
Very weak
Brown sugar mine
Quartet
(Y, Dy, Yb) (Nb, Ta, Ti) O 4
~17.0
47.0
4.89~5.82
weak
Tantalum, tin ore
Monoclinic
Sn(Ta,Nb) 2 O 7
~72.8
-
7.6 to 7.9
non-
Alumina
Six parties
AlTaO 4
60.1～72
0.3 to 6.1
5.9~6.5
non-
Black gold mine
Oblique square
(Ca,Ta,Th)(Nb,Ti) 2 O 6
0～47.3
3.8 to 47.4
4.5 to 5.9
weak
Complex gold mine
Oblique square
(Y,Th,U)(Ti,Nb) 2 O 6
0~23.1
7.5 to 20.3
4.7~5.4
weak
Easy stone
Oblique square
(Ce, Ca, Th, U)(Ti,Nb) 2 O 6
0 to 6.9
23.8~32.5
4.9 to 5.4
weak
Baotou Mine
Square
Ba 4 (Ti,Nb) 8 (Si 4 O 12 )CeO 16
0
11.3~11.5
4.5 to 5.6
weak
First, rough selection
Mainly using a lower cost re-election method, there is also a re-election-flotation process to effectively separate the niobium minerals from the lighter gangue, feldspar , calcite and the like. The re-election mainly consists of a jigging process (mainly based on jigs, the main process is used to treat coarse-grained antimony ore and antimony ore), and the shaker process (mainly with a shaker, mostly used for fine-grained crucibles) Composite polymetallic ore) and screw machine process (with spiral concentrator or spiral chute as the main body, combined with rough selection of shaker, China uses more). Among them, the re-election-flotation process can recover fine-grained minerals, and the recovery rate of coarse selection is up to 90%.
The bismuth ore is usually not high in high-density ore, but the mineral monomer dissociation is better, generally using re-election method, and a few adopt magnetic separation-flotation process.
Second, the selection
The resulting crude rougher concentrate in addition to tantalum and niobium containing mineral, there cassiterite, wolframite, zircon, xenotime, monazite, etc. According to the difference in composition and physicochemical properties of minerals, re-election, flotation, electromagnetic selection and electrostatic separation were used respectively. Chemical treatment is sometimes used. For minerals containing radioactive elements, they are sorted by a bulk material radiation sorter.